1. The Conference reaffirms that the full and effective implementation of the treaty and the regime of non-proliferation in all its aspects has a vital role in promoting international peace and security. The Conference reaffirms every effort should be made to implement the Treaty in all its aspects and to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons and other nuclear explosive devices, without hampering the peaceful uses of nuclear energy by States Parties to the Treaty. The Conference remains convinced that universal adherence to the Treaty and full compliance of all Parties with its provisions are the best way to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and other nuclear explosive devices.

2. The Conference recalls that the overwhelming majority of States entered into legally binding commitments not to receive, manufacture or otherwise acquire nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices, and that these undertakings have been made primarily in the context of the corresponding legally binding commitments by the nuclear-weapon States to nuclear disarmament.

3. The Conference notes that the nuclear-weapon States reaffirmed their commitment not to transfer to any recipient whatsoever nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices, or control over such weapons or explosive devices directly, or indirectly; and not in any way to assist, encourage, or induce any non-nuclear-weapon State to manufacture or otherwise acquire nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices, or control over such weapons or explosive devices.

4. The Conference notes that the non-nuclear-weapon States Parties to the Treaty reaffirmed their commitment not to receive the transfer from any transferor whatsoever of nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices or of control over such weapons or explosive devices directly, or indirectly; not to manufacture or otherwise acquire nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices; and not to seek or receive any assistance in the manufacture of nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices.

5. The Conference reaffirms that the strict observance of the provisions of the Treaty remains central to achieving the shared objectives of preventing, under any circumstances, the further proliferation of nuclear weapons, and preserving the Treaty's vital contribution to peace and security.

6. The Conference expresses its concern with cases of non-compliance of the Treaty by States Parties, and calls on those States non-compliant to move promptly to full compliance with their obligations.

7. The Conference welcomes the accessions of Andorra, Angola, Brazil, Chile, Comoros, Djibouti, Oman, United Arab Emirates and Vanuatu to the Treaty since 1995, bringing the number of States parties to 187, and reaffirms the urgency and importance of achieving the universality of the Treaty.

8. The Conference urges all States not yet party to the Treaty, namely Cuba, India, Israel and Pakistan, to accede to the Treaty as non-nuclear-weapon States, promptly and without condition, particularly those States that operate unsafeguarded nuclear facilities.

9. The Conference deplores the nuclear test explosions carried out by India and then by Pakistan in 1998. The Conference declares that such actions do not in any way confer a nuclear-weapon State status or any special status whatsoever. The Conference calls upon both States to undertake the measures set out in the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1172 (1998).

10.The Conference also calls upon all State Parties to refrain from any action that may contravene or undermine the objectives of the Treaty as well as of the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1172 (1998).

11. The Conference notes that the two States concerned have declared moratoriums on further testing and their willingness to enter into legal commitments not to conduct any further nuclear tests by signing and ratifying the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. The Conference regrets that the signing and ratifying has not yet taken place despite their pledges to do so.

12.The Conference reiterates the call on those States which operate unsafeguarded nuclear facilities and which have not yet acceded to the NPT, to reverse clearly and urgently the pursuit of any nuclear-weapon development or deployment, and to refrain from any action which could undermine regional and international peace and security and the efforts of the international community towards nuclear disarmament and the prevention of nuclear weapons proliferation.

1. The Conference notes the reaffirmation by the States Parties of their commitment to article VI and preambular paragraphs 8 to 12 of the Treaty.

2. The Conference notes that despite the achievements in bilateral and unilateral nuclear arms reduction, the total number of nuclear weapons deployed and in stockpile still amounts to many thousands. The Conference expresses its deep concern at the continued threat to humanity represented by the possession by nuclear-weapon States of these weapons, many of which remain on high alert, and at the attendant possibility of their use or threat of use.

3. The Conference also expresses its concern over the reaffirmation of nuclear weapons doctrines by all nuclear-weapons States, including those that retain first use doctrines or do not exclude the use of such weapons against non-nuclear-weapon States.

4. The Conference takes note of the proposal made by the United Nations Secretary General regarding the convening of a mayor international conference that would help to identify ways of eliminating nuclear dangers.

5. The Conference reaffirms that the cessation of all nuclear weapon test explosions or any other nuclear explosions will contribute to the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons in all its aspects, to the process of nuclear disarmament leading to the complete elimination of nuclear weapons and therefore, to the further enhancement of international peace and security.

6. The Conference welcomes the adoption by the General Assembly and subsequent opening for signature of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty in New York on 24 September 1996, and notes that 155 States have signed it and 56 of them, including 28 whose ratification is necessary for its entry into force, have deposited their instruments of ratification. The Conference welcomes the ratifications by France and the United Kingdom and the recent decision by the Duma of the Russian Federation to ratify the Treaty. The Conference calls upon all States, in particular on those 16 States whose ratification is a prerequisite for the entry into force of the CTBT, to continue their efforts to ensure the early entry into force of the Treaty.

7. The Conference welcomes the Final Declaration adopted at the Conference on Facilitating the Entry into Force of the CTBT convened in Vienna in October 1999, in accordance with Article XIV of the CTBT.

8. The Conference recalls the statements made at the time of the negotiation of the CTBT not to conduct tests for the further development and modernization of nuclear weapons.

9. The Conference notes the unanimous conclusion of the International Court of Justice in its 1996 advisory opinion that there exists an obligation to pursue in good faith and bring to a conclusion negotiations leading to nuclear disarmament in all its aspects under strict and effective international control.

10. The Conference notes the establishment in August 1998 by the Conference on Disarmament of the Ad Hoc Committee under item 1 of its agenda untitled "Cessation of the nuclear arms race and nuclear disarmament" to negotiate, on the basis of the report of the Special Coordinator (CD/1299) and the mandate contained therein, a non-discriminatory, multilateral and internationally and effectively verifiable treaty banning the production of Missile material for nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices. The Conference regrets that negotiations have not been pursued on this issue as recommended in paragraph 4 (b) of the 1995 decision on "Principles and Objectives for Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament".

11. The Conference welcomes the progress achieved in nuclear weapons reductions made unilaterally or bilaterally under the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) process, as steps towards nuclear disarmament. The Conference welcomes the steps that have been taken towards the ratification and entry into force of START II.

12. The Conference also welcomes the significant unilateral reduction measures taken by other nuclear weapon States, including the close down and dismantling of nuclear weapon related facilities.

13. The Conference welcomes the efforts of several States to cooperate in making nuclear disarmament irreversible through initiatives on the verification, management and disposition of fissile material declared excess to military needs.

14. The Conference reiterates the important contribution made by Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine to the implementation of article Vl of the Treaty through their voluntary withdrawal of all tactical and strategic nuclear weapons from their territories.

15. The Conference welcomes the signing in September 1997 by Belarus, Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, Ukraine and the United States of America of significant agreements relating to the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, including a Memorandum of Understanding, and urges their approval in accordance with appropriate national procedures.

16. The Conference notes paragraph 10 of the nuclear-weapon States declaration of 1 May 2000 stating that none of their nuclear weapons are targeted at any State.

1. The Conference reaffirms that in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, States must refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State or in any other manner inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations.

2. The Conference reaffirms that the total elimination of nuclear weapons is the only genuine guarantee for all non-nuclear-weapon States against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons. Pending the achievement of such a goal, the Conference reaffirms the decision in paragraph 8 of Decision 2 of the 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference to take further steps to assure non-nuclear weapon States Parties to the Treaty against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons that could take the form of an internationally legally binding instrument. The Conference directs the Preparatory Committee to develop such an instrument for consideration at the 2005 NPT Review Conference.

3. The Conference notes the reaffirmation by the nuclear-weapon States of their commitment to the United Nations Security Council Resolution 984 (1995) on security assurances for NPT non-nuclear-weapon States.

4. The Conference notes the establishment in March 1998 by the Conference on Disarmament of the Ad Hoc Committee on effective international arrangements to assure non-nuclear-weapon States against the use, or threat of use of nuclear weapons.

5. The Conference notes the need for the commitment, without any condition, by all the nuclear-weapon States not to be the first to use nuclear weapons, nor use or threaten to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon States, and conclude international legal instruments to this effect.

6. The Conference recognises the important role which the establishment of new nuclear-weapon-free zones and the signature to the Protocols of new and previously existing zones by the nuclear-weapon States has played in extending negative security assurances to NPT non-nuclear-weapon States Parties in the zones concerned. The Conference underlines the importance of concerned States taking steps to bring into effect the assurances provided by nuclear-weapon-free zones Treaties and their protocols.

II. Role of the Treaty in the promotion of non-proliferation of nuclear weapons and of nuclear disarmament in strengthening international peace and security and measures aimed at strengthening the implementation of the Treaty and achieving its universality.